Does the Use of the Provocation Defence Provide Justice...

Question 4 - Assess the use of the defence of provocation in achieving justice for victims, offenders and society. (10 marks) Victim – Manpreet Kaur (husband Chamanjot Singh). Murdered by her husband with her throat but eight times. Her husband claimed that she told him she loved another man and that she would have him deported back to India. He said that this was enough provocation for him to lose self control and that he has no knowledge of the events that followed him picking up a box cutter. The difficulty in assessing his guilt or innocence in this case was that there was no witnesses to the crime or the events preceding the crime and therefore it becomes an issue of whether the jury accepts the account of a single person (as the†¦show more content†¦Murdering someone may not be seen as been a proportionate response. However, recognition of the ongoing nature of domestic violence may result in the offender receiving a light sentence or even a good behaviour bond for their crime. The removal of the provocation defence may in fact disadvantage women who see no other alternative than to de fend themselves against abusive partners. However, it could be argued that offenders may abuse this defence as a means of having their sentence reduced. A problem with the use of this defence by offenders is that their victim is not present to dispute their version of events. Unless there are witnesses to the events that take place it is difficult to refute the statements of the offender that they were provoked. The defence may also (in the absence of the victim) denigrate the character of the victim in their attempts to paint him/her as someone who is highly likely to cause a loss of control by an ordinary person. In criminal cases the burden of proof lies with the prosecution and in the absence of a witness to the crime it is difficult to prove that the offender was not provoked such that an ordinary person would lose control and in turn form the intent to kill or cause really serious bodily harm. Society – There have been instances where the provocation defence has been used and offenders have received light sentences such as good behaviour bonds (GBB) with very little public outcry. One example used in theShow MoreRelatedLegal Studies Crime Notes7101 Words   |  29 Pagescriminal justice system * Issues of compliance and non compliance in regard to criminal law * The extent to which the law reflects moral and ethical standards * The role of law reform in the criminal justice system * The extent to which the law balances the rights of victims, offenders and society * The effectiveness of legal and non-legal measures in achieving justice Chapter 1: The Nature of Crime Role of Criminal Law: To protect society from those whose behaviour society has deemedRead MoreGrave And Sudden Provocation8554 Words   |  35 PagesJamia Millia Islamia Contents 1. Acknowledgement 2. Introduction 3. Offences Affecting The Human Body 4. Sections 299, 300 Exceptions to Section 300 of the Indian Penal Code,1860 5. When Culpable Homicide is Not Murder 6. Grave and Sudden Provocation (Exception 1 to Section 300 of IPC) 7. K.M. Nanavati versus State of Maharashtra, AIR 1962 SC 605 8. Laws applied in the Case 9. Summary/Facts of the Case 10. Trials of the Case 11. Proceedings of the Trials 12. Retrial under the High Court of Bombay

Exploring the Idea of Evil Essay example - 1162 Words

People have constantly attempted to understand what evil truly is, and, if possible, how to eliminate this evil from their lives. However, first it must be known what it is that is being eliminated. Different people, cultures, and eras have all had a different view of what evil is, and how it affects their lives, and there is no true answer. Because of this, discussing the idea of whether people are born or can be evil is meaningless. The idea of what evil is, and whether people can be evil, is relative and cannot be applied to human nature in a universal way. The discussion of whether evil exists is dependent on the definition of evil. In the sense of human action, evil can be seen as consciously doing harmful acts. The idea of what†¦show more content†¦Therefore, according to Plato, no one is truly evil. However, if it seen from the perspective of others, the act that is good for a person can be seen as evil for others. For example, if a person steals to feed himself and his starving family, he can be seen as doing a good act because he is doing what is right for him and for his family. However, to the storeowner, the same act is seen as evil because the thief consciously caused harm to the storeowner. The very same act is seen as both good and evil, dependant on the perspective that the act is seen from. Although evil is dependent on the viewpoint from which it is seen from, some philosophers, such as Lyall Watson, doubt that evil exists at all. According to Watson, evil is a force of nature and is a part of nature, and as such, it can be said that evil is an illusion that does not exist. However, according to dualism, this is not possible. Evil can only coexist with good, regardless of whether it is universal or not. If no evil existed, then all actions would now be varying degrees of good. The ‘least good’ act would then be considered evil, and evil would once again exist. Because good and evil are opposites, one cannot exist without the other. Also, supposing that all evil did not exist, the only alternative action would be good. Therefore, if evil is taken away, or does not exist, then people wouldShow MoreRelatedWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies752 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the history of humanity, humans have different behaviors that change depending on wh at situations they are in. Psychologist Philip Zimbardo spent many years exploring human nature and has developed many theories about human behavior. One of Zimbardo’s ideas is about situational factors that states â€Å"one’s behavior is assumed to be dependent upon their current circumstances, situation or the environment that they are in.† He concluded the concept of situational factors after his StanfordRead MoreSocial Control through Works of Fiction1390 Words   |  6 Pages Vampire stories have universal themes that provide the backbone for every dark tale. 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Marketing plan of RC cola free essay sample

Limited group members 1. 4 Methodology: 1. Project Design: At first we got the project design and structure from our Course Instructor and move for the next steps. 2. Survey Instrument: In this study we collected information from the Marketing official of RC Beverage. We assigned him a questionnaire to meet the requirements of the report. The questionnaire was a useful method to collect data. 3. Data Collection: Due to lack of sources, it was required to analyze the structured questionnaire and interviewing method to collect data from primary sources. We also collect some information from Internet, particularly from the website of RC Beverage. 4. Data Analysis: Finally we have analyzed all those cohesive information to prepare the project. 2. Company Profile: Partex Group is one of the largest private organizations in Bangladesh. The activities of this organization are based on manufacturing as well as services. Partex Group is doing many businesses in Bangladesh and RC Beverage is one of the parts of their business. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing plan of RC cola or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page RC Beverage Company is the official franchise of Royal Crown Cola of USA. This Royal Crown Cola Company was formed in 1905 and it was then named ‘Chero Cola Co’. In 1920 it became known as ‘Nehi Corporation’. In 1955, the company experienced huge growth and changed its corporate name to Royal Crown Cola International. In 1994, Mr. M. A. Hashem, chairman of Partex Group visited an international Trade Exhibition in the USA, where he met with the executives of Royal Crown Cola Co. International. Then he thought that RC Beverage would gain acceptability in Bangladeshi market because it has an international brand image, recognition and quality. When he returned, Partex Group as well as RC International carried out a wide range of marketing research. After getting positive results, in 1996 the corporate head and the directors formed Partex Beverage Ltd. Mr. Abdul Aziz was given the position of Managing Director. He is considered as one of the pioneers of the concept of RC. The factory of RC Beverage was established in Rajendrapur, 40 kilometers away from Dhaka city. Initially their investment was about Tk 10 crore. The company started its commercial production on 6th October 1997, and RC launched in Dhaka on 20th October 1997. This company is the first which launched beverage in food grade pet bottles. The slogan of this company is â€Å"Trishnay Chai RC†. This company offers carbonated beverage and pure drinking water. According to Partex Beverage Ltd is â€Å"To provide value at an economic cost, progress in diversity and continue to contribute to the growth of industrialization in Bangladesh by being market challenger†. Now they proudly profess that they have stuck to their mission and are now worth over 80 crore Tk. 3. Current Market Situation: The competition is very much high in soft drink industry. RC Beverage is operating in a oligopoly market where two or three large competitors control the lion share of that market. The market size of soft drinks in Bangladesh is around TK. 800 Crore per year. Among all soft drinks company, Coca-Cola is the market leader for many years. It was popular in the past time and still it has popularity among the large population of Bangladesh. It obtains 31% market share. After Coca-Cola, Pepsi was the second one; but after emerging RC, the market share of Pepsi has been reduced to 22%. RC has been able to move its way up and for the last two years it has been holding the 2nd position with 26% of the total market. The others like Uro Cola, Virgin and Suncrest each have market shares equal to or below 10%. There is another player Mojo who are taking a good number of market share in the beverage market. The major difference of RC with the other brands is that this company offers their product at different sizes and they have 6 flavors in their product. Other companies don’t have this large range of product like RC Beverage. RC Beverage also has very strong distribution network. These things are the competitive advantage of RC Beverage over the other competitors. 4. Product Profile: 4. 1 Products mission: The mission of RC Beverage is to provide the best quality beverage product within different size and flavor with reasonable price. 4. 1 Vision: RC’s vision is to make their product available to the ultimate consumers when it is needed. 4. 1 Objectives: The objective of RC Beverage is to maximize profit by increasing market share of beverage products. 4. 1 Goal: Their goal is to be the market leader in terms of quality and market share within 4 years in Bangladesh. RC Beverage have various kinds of products in their product line. Each single unit of their product is known as SKU (Stock Keeping Unit) they categorize this SKU according to flavor and pack size. 4. 2 Level of Product: For RC Beverage, different levels of this product are as follows: Core Product: Beverage Actual Product: Different flavors of RC drinks Expected Product: Good Taste, Reasonable price Augmented Product: 25 percent extra with 1 liter pet bottle Potential Product: The Company is thinking for some special flavor or size For which customers are not thinking about right now. 4. 3 Variety: RC Beverage has a good variety in their product according to size and flavor. No other company has this advantage. They produces Cola, Lemon, Lemon lime soda, Orange, Diet cola and Club Soda. 4. 3 Quality: The Company is maintaining very high quality because most of the raw materials come from USA. Basically Royal Crown Cola International, USA assigns their product design. As a franchise they are bound to maintain those instructions that are certified by USA. In case of designing they are suggested to bring the change not more than two to three percent. 4. 3 Design, Features Packaging: Packaging and labeling also plays a vital role in product designing. The company uses the factory of Rajendrapur for packaging purpose. To make the container the company use ‘RASING’ – it is one kind of raw materials to make RC container on bottle. Others materials mainly comes USA. Many trained chemist help the company to produce their product properly. RC labeling consists a great deal of information as well as maintains its brand name. For this they use tag which is imported from Switzerland. A chart of RC Product category is as follows: 250 ml Can- 6 flavors 250 ml Pet- 4 flavors 500 ml Pet- 5 flavors 1. 25 liter Pet- 3 Flavors 2 liter Pet- 2 flavors 4. 4 Products position according to BCG Growth Matrix: Partex Group has Strategic Business Unit of Partex Beverage {RC Beverage}, Partex Furniture’s, Partex Board and Doors, Trading and Shopping etc. Relative market Share HighLow High Market Growth RateLow After analyzing the SBU’s of Partex Group we can say that in BCG Growth matrix RC Beverage falls into the category of stars, where market growth rate and relative market share both are high. Because it has already achieved a strong market position compare to other competitors. On the other hand the consumer’s demand for RC Beverage is also high in Bangladesh. That is why they are maintaining full market coverage in Bangladesh. 4. 5 Segmentation Process: Market segmentation can be done by four ways, Such as— Demographic segmentation, Geographic segmentation, Psychographic segmentation and Behavioral segmentation. Though RC Beverage has strong competitors like Coca Cola, Pepsi it is performing tremendously because of its appropriate segmentation of the market. They have segmented their market into three categories under geographic segmentation heading. These are— 1. Urban areas 2. Semi urban areas 3. Rural areas In this way RC Beverage is differentiating its market according to the density, which indicates geographic segmentation where as giant groups are not available in semi urban and rural areas. They also segment their market according to the demographic features like different sizes for different class of people. 4. 6 Target Market Selection: From the very beginning RC Beverage is targeting the young generation aged from 15 to 20. But nowadays they are thinking to follow the full market coverage strategy because soft drink should not be launched for particular grouped peoples. 4. 7 Product life Cycle: RC Beverage has already achieved a higher marker acceptance and greater response. The sales of the RC Beverage rapidly rose in the year 2008 though the sales were declining in the year 2007. This company is maintaining average cost for its customers, which leads higher profit for them. They also have huge number of distributor outlets. Now RC Beverage has reached at the ‘Growth’ level in the product life cycle in Bangladesh. 4. 8 Development Steps of the Product: If any product of RC Beverage fails in the market then they try to find out the reason behind that. To do this they mainly rely on their authorized distributor and retailers who generally get feedback directly from the consumers. Then according to the feedback the company tries to improve their product. Sometimes they also consider what their competitors are doing. Product Planning: RC Beverage follows a consecutive process of Product planning. The product planning basically initiates with Following the Governmental Rules and regulations. Then making budgets for the whole process and going forward. Product Development: The product/land development process of RC Beverage is fixed by their parent company. It has developed its product in Bangladeshi market. Product modification: They have modified their product in the form of packaging. They have changed the packaging of their packaging of ‘Upper 10’. New product Development: The steps of the new product development of RC Beverage are as follows: Idea Generation Concept Testing Marketing Strategy Development Business analysis Product Development Commercialization 4. 9 Consumer Behavior: Purchasing of RC Beverage falls under the category of ‘Variety-Seeking Behavior’. Because lower involvement is needed to buy this kind of product. Product price is low and consumers do not put special emphasis on product. Consumers always look for variety that is why customer switching rate is very high. 4. 10 Steps in consumer buying behavior: Consumer buying behavior has five stages, which are necessary when a consumer take the decision to buy a specific product. So marketers have to keep this in mind while marketing their product. 1) Need Recognition: At of all, consumers identify their need for beverage. There are two factors, which can influence in this stage. Internal stimuli: If beverage is really needed for consumers, they should purchase beverage. External Stimuli: Friends, family, advertisement and different promotional activities can influence a customer to buy product. Ex: RC Beverage is influencing customers to create the need of beverage by using celebrities in their advertisement. 2) Information Search: Consumers should have the accurate information when the purchase a product. Consumers may get information by following- Personal Sources: Family, friends and relatives Commercial Sources: Advertisement and promotional sources Examining the product: Consumers can have beverage practically. Ex: RC Beverage has made the information available by giving frequent advertisement. 3) Evaluation of Alternatives: At this stage consumers should have the sufficient information about different beverages. So it is now consumer’s duty to select the best alternative. Consumer should select that alternative which is best suited with their need. Marketers of RC beverage are providing products by analyzing consumer’s need and want. 4) Purchase Decision: In this stage consumers actually buy the product. They decide which brand to purchase and at what price they will purchase it. RC Beverage has made their product available in the different outlets both in rural areas and urban areas. 5) Post Purchase Decision: Consumers can be satisfied or dissatisfied after drinking RC beverage. It is company’s duty to find out the reasons behind consumer dissatisfaction. They have RD department for this purpose. Their main duty is to research the current market. RC beverage is following hold strategy for satisfied customers. 4. 11 SWOT Analysis of RC Beverage: After consulting with executives of RC Beverage and analyzing this company we have made a SWOT analysis. Strength: Multi-dimensional organization Well-establish management Sophisticated technology Financial support from sister concern Quality product Efficient distribution network Weakness: Unable to attract the loyal consumers of Coca-Cola and Pepsi. No CSR planning. Opportunity: Consumer’s tendency to use Pet bottle. Value pricing: RC is able to produce high quality relatively lower cost. Wide market in Bangladesh. Threats: RC has to compete with the existing reputed companies Political instability Problem arise dealing with distributor. (Credit facility) Fluctuation of price of raw materials The market is becoming saturated 5. Pricing: Price is the only element in the marketing mix that produces revenue for the organization. Because of this any firm must have to follow at least one pricing method for their product. It is also true for RC Beverage. The Marketing objective behind their pricing strategy at that time is Current Profit Maximization. Factors affecting pricing decisions: # Internal Factors: Cost of the raw materials can effect the pricing decisions. Organizational consideration also affect the pricing, if they want to produce high quality product then they have to charge high price. # Market and Demand: The demand for beverage always exists as the number of population is increasing everyday. RC Beverage never has to think of or panic over market and demand because it is already established. # Competitors’ costs, prices and offers: The difference in size and flavor of RC Beverage and its nearest competitor is almost same. That’s why RC Beverage needs to consider its opponents strategy as a big issue for pricing its products. # Other external factors: Among other external factors, economic condition of the country is very important because in these days of severe economic fluctuation, sales have reduced to a large degree. Government action also has a great impact on the soft drinks company. It has to deal with other social and environment concerned institution. Pricing approaches for RC Beverage: Initially RC Beverage follows the competitive based pricing strategy. As it was new brand in Bangladesh it had a mission to survive along with strong competitors. For that they have to take market share from other competitors. So they are bound to follow the pricing what their competitors are charging. They run their business in loss for 3 years. After getting a good market share in Bangladesh they concentrate in recovering their product cost and it’s a time for them to make profit. Now they are following cost based pricing strategy. In pricing they are concerned about the fixed costs, variable costs, selling and administrative cost and government taxes. Price Adjustment Strategy: Previously we have told that RC Beverage follows the cost based pricing strategy for selling its products. But now, it is now running its business by the huge profit and revenue. But sometimes their selling falls down due to some external reasons. At that time the company adjusts its prices. 1. Discount and Allowance Pricing: RC Beverage has the cash discount method, quantity discount method and seasonal discount. It gives special price rebate in particular occasions like Eid, Puja etc. 2. Segmented pricing: They charge different types of price for different types of products:- # According to the Product form: like different sizes (250 ml, 500 ml, 1. 25 liter, 2 liter) and flavors (cola, lemon, lemon lime soda, orange diet cola, club soda). # According to Customer: For upper class, upper middle, and middle class to make their product affordable for all. # According to Location: In rural areas, sales of mini sizes of RC Beverage are greater compare to the urban areas. Some current price of RC Beverage is as follows: 250 ml Can- 6 flavors – Tk 25 250 ml Pet- 4 flavors – Tk 12 500 ml Pet- 5 flavors – Tk 20 1. 25 liter Pet- 3 Flavors – Tk 45 2 liter Pet- 2 flavors – Tk 65 6. Distribution: Distribution is more important to sell any product. To reach the target customer any organization must have strong distribution network. 6. 1 Level of Distribution: RC Beverage produces their product in their factory which is situated in Rajendrapur. From there they supply their product to their authorized distributor. To be authorized distributor of RC Beverage, the distributor must have to follow some rules and regulations. One of the rules is that distribution should have sufficient transports to distribute the product to the destination. From the distributor the product goes to the retailers and finally to the consumers. So we can say that RC Beverage is following Two Level distribution channel. 6. 2 Channel dynamics: As a matter of fact, RC Beverage has adopted the Conventional Marketing System as its channel dynamics. We know that Conventional Marketing system means all the intermediaries in marketing channel system work independently. Distribution channel system of RC Beverage is as follows: 6. 3 Marketing Intermediaries: As they are following Two Level marketing channel system, so they are using distributor and retailers as marketing intermediaries. They are following Intensive distribution so that they can sell their product all over the Bangladesh. Due to the strong distribution network they have successfully been able to enter into the market of rural and semi urban areas as well as urban areas. By this time they have almost covered the whole Bangladesh and they are expanding day by day. They claimed themselves number one regarding the point of coverage. But they don’t have the access to export their product in overseas because it is a franchise company in Bangladesh. 7. Promotional Tools: Promotional activities can create a good position in the market and also in the consumer’s mind. As promotional activities RC Beverage normally uses advertisements. 7. 1 Objective of the advertisement: Advertising is the paid form of non-personal presentation by an individual organization to promote their products towards their customers. RC Beverage gives advertisement of their product through different media to promote their products towards their customers. Their main objective of their advertisement is attracting their customers towards their beverage. Sometimes they also change their advertising motto according to the market demands and wants. At the very beginning they used â€Å"Me and My Choice† as advertising motto. But currently they are using – â€Å"Trishnay Chai RC†. Their advertisement can be divided by— Persuasive Advertising Informative Advertising 7. 2 Choosing Media: Media selection is very important because the company is spending a lot of money on advertising to reach its target customers. Since the target customers of RC Beverage are teenagers and young people, it has chosen the electronic media to maximize its exposure. They also use bill boards in important places as their advertisements. As electronic media they usually use popular TV channels and also the prime time. 7. 3 Other promotional activities: RC Beverage also gives priority to their authorized dealers. As promotional activity they offer one or two bottles free with one case and this opportunity is only for the authorized distributors. For the consumers currently RC Beverage is offering 1. 25 liter at the price of 1 liter. 7. 4 Media Budget: They have allocated a huge amount of money for electronic media for the promotion of the product in the market. They spend most of their budget for advertisements. In the electronic media, RC Beverage chooses the pick hour. Their media budget for a month is approximately Tk. 36380000. 7. 5 Media Vehicles: RC Beverage advertisements are telecasted in pick hours in between news of popular TV channels and famous TV shows. We can conclude that RC Beverage is using the news and popular TV shows in as their media vehicle. They also use bill boards as their media vehicle. Sometimes distributors also performed as their media vehicles. 7. 6 Effect of Advertisements on Sales: Advertising is one of the most important and visible marketing tools. RC beverage spends huge amount of money in advertising. This has a good impact on their sales. Their promotional activities depend on their sales of beverage. RC Beverage is right now in the second position in the beverage market of Bangladesh in terms of market share. Only Coca Cola, who is the global leader, is ahead of them. They surpassed big competitors like Pepsi, Virgin and Uro. 8. Action Program: After the defining of the strategies on the marketing mix, they were then needed to be implemented in the target market. The main responsibility goes to the top management. They get sufficient information and assistance from RD department. RD does their work by proper marketing research. Top management guides the organization to achieving its organizational goal. The executives of RC Beverage are formed with the representation of all departments. They distributed the goals among themselves based on their particular departments. The production department has given the responsibility to interact with the supply chain for raw materials for starting the production. In this department there are managers, the technicians, quality control officers, cost management accountants and their subordinates workers and employees. The workings of distribution manager are with many retailers and wholesalers of the distribution channel. The amount of commission they would pay to the distributors once the target is achieved is determined by this department. They have to make the product available to the ultimate users. The promotion department is spending its huge budget on the advertising in media. Their main focus is to aware the people about RC Beverage. This advertisement makes the product recognized to targeted people then consumer buy the product. After effective promotion program then comes the activities of the distribution channel to go for test marketing if there is any new product. The whole sellers and retailers make sure that the product is widely distributed. This is how RC Beverage is going toward its organizational objectives. 9. Problem Identification: RC Beverage doesn’t have loyal customers compare to Coca Cola and Pepsi. It is not known to everybody that it is an international brand. Packaging is not attractive enough. They only targeted the young generation. Company is not directly connected with the consumers Promotional activities are less than their competitors. It does not consider about consumer’s need and want in case of pricing. Mainly choosing the electronic media for advertising. No sponsorship in news media (in news Headlines or TV, Radio programs) and in sports NO CSR planning 10. Recommendation: Should create loyal customers: They can add some new features to attract the new customers and by doing so they can also increase their sales. It will also make loyal customers like other competitors. Should create more brand image: Most of the consumer does not know that it is an international brand. So they can sponsor in many events like sports. It will help them to create more brand image in our country. It will also reduce the switching rate of the consumers. Attractive packaging: Their packaging is mainly developed by the USA peoples. In Bangladesh this company doesn’t have enough access to change the design of the products. So they should take the permission to design their product according to the choice of Bangladeshi people. Maintain fair price: Like other companies RC Beverage is following cost based pricing strategies and competition based pricing. They should consider the needs and wants of the consumers in case of pricing. So if they can maintain a fair price, it will be helpful to increase their sales. New product for children and old people: RC Beverage can launch some beverage items for children and old peoples. Free samples: Company can give free samples to the students because young generations are one of the big portions of Beverage consumers. If the consumers feel the product good they will purchase it. Should collect more feedback regularly: They should collect feedback regularly from consumers more than presently what they are doing. It will help them to increase the product quality. Promotional activities: They should increase their promotional activities because RC Beverage has less promotional activities than competitors like Mojo and Virgin. Advertising Media: currently they use only electronic media. But they should use print media as advertising. It will attract not only the young peoples but also the corporate user. CSR activities: CSR activities of RC Beverage are very less. They should have more CSR activities, which will help them in the corporate world. It will create goodwill to the consumers. 11. Contingency Plan: Though RC Beverage has got a good position in beverage market there are certain possibilities that anytime their sales can fall down. Because there are many threats like strong competitors and changing patterns of consumer buying behavior, which can extremely affect its business. So they should always be ready to face the situation and for that RC Beverage has a contingency plan. The contingency plan of RC Beverage is to go to the production of fruit juice in the Bangladeshi market or they can modify their product at a great scale so that their sales can increase to cover the losses. RC Beverage can also go for Diversification strategy to gain extra profit.

Math Modeling For Economics

Modeling is crucial in economics because it is used in place of the real experiments that could be expensive, time consuming, and dangerous. Mathematical models describe situations with a few words using tools and theorems for making general statements. Here, the focus is on how to explicitly state assumptions with a clear and precise ease of making multi dimensionality descriptions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Math Modeling For Economics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In economics different mathematical models have been developed to address certain market trends and behaviors such as demand and supply with time. One such is the models related to competitive markets. The product demand and supply and price changes are dynamic aspects of the system and can be modeled through a differential equation with a constant solution referred to as the equilibrium of the equation. Here, x(t) = f (x) (equilibrium equati on)- definition Based on the above definition, the linear differential equation can be expressed as: x + u (t) = w (t) In this case, w (t) and u (t) are functions of t in the above expression. The homogeneous case here is u (t) =a and w (t) =0 giving the solution for the differential expression: x + ax =0 as x (t) =Ae-at. In this case A is taken as an arbitrary constant. The case for a non-homogeneous situation is x + ax = b where b≠ 0 and a =0,as solution is x (t) =bt +A providing a solution with known initial state x(0) as given by:Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More x (t) = {x(0)-b/a} e-at +b/a A typical example is the demand and supply mentioned in the above scenario. The dynamics of a price of a single commodity is considered. The demand and supply function is stated as below: Qd=a1-b1P, Qs=a2-b2P, both satisfy the condition aj, bj0. In the above expressions, Qd and Q s are respective values for the demand and supply for the given price P within the parameters aj and bj. If the price changes are taken with the changes in time t, excess demand proportional to the time t is Qd– Qs expressed as P (t) =m (((Qd (t) – Qs (t))), where m0 When substituted: P (t) + m (b1+b2) P = m (a1+a2) giving the solution shown here:Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Math Modeling For Economics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this case Satisfying the general case: In this case, the problem related to the above model is demand and supply of a product and its effect on price with time illustrated as x (t) = f (x). This essay on Math Modeling For Economics was written and submitted by user Ellen Sharpe to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Juno and the Paycock Essay Example

Juno and the Paycock Essay Example Juno and the Paycock Paper Juno and the Paycock Paper Essay Topic: Play In 1920s Dublin, men were considered more superior than women. The men had to support their families as they were the main source of financial income. In working class families, women also had to work. If they didnt, they wouldnt be able to pay the rent, or possibly not be able to feed their family. Women also had to look after the family and children, and had to do all of the housework. Men seemed to have control over women, who couldnt do anything to stop them. In Juno and the Paycock, Sean OCasey paints a different picture. Although the men believe they are in control, it is really the women who are in the drivers seat. OCasey believes that the women in his play are stronger, more enduring and unselfish than the male characters. OCasey himself believed that women were secretly in charge. He had a very strong relationship with his mother, as his father died when he was only six years old. He was also the youngest surviving child out of his other thirteen siblings. As he was brought up by his widowed mother, he sees that women are dominant and men are weaker. In Juno, we find that the Boyle family have come into a great deal of wealth. Almost immediately, Captain Jack Boyle spends most of it, hence, giving him the title of the Paycock. Johnny Boyle, his son, has a secret, which gradually unfolds as the story progresses. It turns out that he has been a government informer; you didnt think o that when you gave him away to the gang that sent him to his grave. This ultimately leads to Johnnys execution; where were you when me darlin son was riddled with bullets. Juno Boyle, Boyles wife, in the centre of everything, is feeling the burdens of life on her shoulders as she tries to keep her family together. Mary Boyle, Jack and Junos daughter, has found a new boyfriend. He is Charlie Bentham, and is very rich. We are later told that he has left Mary as she is now pregnant. We then learn that there was never any money for the Boyles; Theres no money comin to us at all the Wills a washout! Fed up, Juno, with a drunkard husband and a dead son, finally leaves Boyle, with Mary at her side. This is where Juno says to Mary about her baby; Itll have whats far betther itll have two mothers. This is good for the child as Juno is responsible and will be able to use her own experience to her advantage. I expect that Boyle will be left on his own, possibly with his best friend, Joxer Daily, at his side. Boyle has done nothing to help or support his family in any situation. Boyle is the head of the house, but it is Juno who seems to do all the work since Boyle would rather spend his time sipping lager and telling tales. Juno is very responsible and very reliable, while Boyle is completely undependable and irresponsible. Juno will protect her family with her life, but Boyle is plain lazy; If it werent for the terrible pains in me legs is always his excuse for not finding a job to help support his family financially. Johnny and Mary are the children of Boyle and Juno. Johnny, who was injured fighting for Ireland, and Mary, who is on strike for the principle of it, are both still trying to grow up. Mary, the elder of the two siblings, is stubborn, saying that she will stick to her principles, and Johnny is trying to hide from his comrades. Johnny has recently become very sensitive and quiet. He is worried about the death of Robbie Tancred, an old childhood friend. Mary however, is still as outgoing as ever. She enjoys a social life, and does not seem at all phased about being on strike, and having an awkward family. Mary and Johnny are both similar in the way that they both stand up for what they believe in. Mary is on strike, and Johnny stands up for his beliefs for Ireland. He lost an arm, and received a permanent limp from fighting during the Easter Rising. Johnny feels disgusted that Mary is pregnant and yet he hasnt told anyone what he has done. She should be dhriven out o th house shes brought disgrace on! He is being hypocritical. Mrs. Madigan, Mrs. Tancred and Joxer are all friendly with the Boyle family. Joxer is Boyles butty and drinking companion. Mrs. Madigan and Mrs. Tancred are the Boyles neighbours. Mrs. Madigan and Joxer are both very friendly and wish to help out. Yet, Joxer is a lazy lay-about. Mrs. Tancred is in grief when we meet her, but speaks passionately about wanting no more deaths and killings. When Mrs. Madigan hears of the Boyles inheritance, she has nothing but good words for them. Though when she finds out that there is no money, she angrily confronts Boyle for money she lent him, and then takes his gramophone as payment. She seems very two faced; nice and friendly one minute, then the next she is biting off Boyles head. Jerry Devine was Marys old boyfriend. He is still in love with her, but she has found a new boyfriend. He is called Charlie Bentham, a rich school teacher, now turning to work in law. Jerry doesnt realize that Mary doesnt want to be with him. He says to her; Let me kiss your hand when she refuses to go back with him. He is completely obsessed with Mary. Charlie is in love with Mary too and helps the Boyles with the will. However when Mary becomes pregnant, Charlie runs away to England, afraid of commitment and the results of his actions. When Jerry comes to Mary again, he wants her to return with him, as he knows that Bentham has left. He doesnt know that Mary is pregnant, and when he finds out, he leaves in shock. On the surface, Jerry and Charlie both seem to love and care about Mary, but when the worst comes to the worst, they quickly leave her to fend for herself. The women in Juno and the Paycock have many positive characteristics. They have strength, determination and are all friendly and caring. They all have strength to get through hard times (eg. Juno supporting her family; Mrs. Tancred during her bereavement). Juno is determined to make Boyle find a job and no matter what the situation, they are always loving (eg. Mrs. Madigan always wanting to help out). Women are completely different from the men. The men are lazy (eg. Boyle not finding any jobs; Boyle and Joxer in the snug all of the time), money wasters (eg. Boyle spending the money on a gramophone), and contradictive (eg. Boyle says he doesnt like the church or Father Farrell, then saying that the country would be nothing without them). Womens qualities outweigh their faults. They are stronger and better than what their faults says about them. Their negative qualities say they are vain and stubborn, but this is nothing in comparison to their positive qualities of being strong, resilient, loving, caring and determined. During this period in history, women were made to feel that they were inferior to men. But, OCaseys play defies this. Juno stands her ground against the men, and when she has had enough of them, she leaves Boyle. Juno and Mary decide to make their own way in the world, and forget about Boyle. Itll have whats far betther itll have two mothers. I feel that the baby will be better off with two mothers, especially if they are Juno and Mary. They are both wise enough not to fall into traps set by men, and know how not to raise the child. Juno was a good mother to Johnny and Mary, and so will be a great help to Mary and her child. They would raise the baby to be everything that Boyle was not. Yes, the women are more superior to the men. They are smarter and wiser. Although the men feel that they are in power, the women are weaving their way through the woodwork.

The Colonial Names of African States

The Colonial Names of African States After decolonization, state boundaries in Africa remained remarkably stable, but the colonial names of African states often changed. Explore a list of current African countries according to their former colonial names, with explanations of border changes and amalgamations of territories. Why Were Boundaries Stable Following Decolonization? In 1963, during the era of independence, the Organization of African Union agreed to a policy of inviolable borders, which dictated that colonial-era boundaries were to be upheld, with one caveat. Due to the French policy of governing their colonies as large federated territories, several countries were created out of each of Frances former colonies, using the old territorial boundaries for the new country boundaries. There were Pan-Africanist efforts to create federated states, like the Federation of Mali, but these all failed.​ The Colonial Names of Present-Day African States Africa, 1914 Africa, 2015 Independent States Abyssinia Ethiopia Liberia Liberia British Colonies Anglo-Egyptian Sudan Sudan, The Republic of the South Sudan Basutoland Lesotho Bechuanaland Botswana British East Africa Kenya, Uganda British Somaliland Somalia* The Gambia The Gambia Gold Coast Ghana Nigeria Nigeria Northern Rhodesia Zambia Nyasaland Malawi Sierra Leone Sierra Leone South Africa South Africa Southern Rhodesia Zimbabwe Swaziland Swaziland French Colonies Algeria Algeria French Equatorial Africa Chad, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic French West Africa Benin, Guinea, Mali, Ivory Coast, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Burkina Faso French Somaliland Djibouti Madagascar Madagascar Morocco Morocco (see note) Tunisia Tunisia German Colonies Kamerun Cameroon German East Africa Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi South West Africa Namibia Togoland Togo Belgian Colonies Belgian Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo Portuguese Colonies Angola Angola Portuguese East Africa Mozambique Portuguese Guinea Guinea-Bissau Italian Colonies Eritrea Eritrea Libya Libya Somalia Somalia (see note) Spanish Colonies Rio de Oro Western Sahara (disputed territory claimed by Morocco) Spanish Morocco Morocco (see note) Spanish Guinea Equatorial Guinea German Colonies After World War I, all of Germanys African colonies were taken away and made mandate territories by the League of Nations. This meant they were supposed to be prepared for independence by Allied powers, namely Britain, France, Belgium, and South Africa. German East Africa was divided between Britain and Belgium, with Belgium taking control over Rwanda and Burundi and Britain taking control of what was then called Tanganyika. After independence, Tanganyika united with Zanzibar and become Tanzania. German Kamerun was also larger than Cameroon is today, extending into what is today Nigeria, Chad, and the Central African Republic. Following World War I, most of German Kamerun went to France, but Britain also controlled the portion adjacent to Nigeria. At independence, the northern British Cameroons elected to join Nigeria, and the southern British Cameroons joined Cameroon. German South West Africa was controlled by South Africa until 1990. Somalia The country of Somalia is comprised of what were formerly Italian Somaliland and British Somaliland. Morroco Moroccos borders are still disputed. The country is made up primarily of two separate colonies, French Morocco and Spanish Morocco. Spanish Morocco lay on the northern coast, near the Straight of Gibralter, but Spain also had two separate territories (Rio de Oro and Saguia el-Hamra) just south of French Morocco. Spain merged these two colonies into Spanish Sahara in the 1920s, and in 1957 ceded much of what had been Saguia el-Hamra to Morocco. Morocco continued to claim the southern portion as well and in 1975 seized control of the territory. The United Nations recognizes the southern portion, often called Western Sahara, as a non-self-governing territory. The African Union recognizes it as the sovereign state Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), but the SADR only controls a portion of the territory known as Western Sahara.

Fossil case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Fossil case - Essay Example ed by Fossil can be clearly construed as heterogeneous in nature, which is so because the customers would tend to search for the products first and then chose the one which suits them best and satisfies their wants. The essential characteristics of such products and the consumer decision making is listed below. The sequence of product lifecycle is where a new product evolves through series of stages over a period of time. These stages are the development of the product, moving to introduction, then growth, maturity and finally decline. There reason that has been associated with the changes in the product life cycle and the creation of such a sequence is change in the situation of marketing which resultantly affects the marketing strategy and marketing mix,. Marketing mix is commonly referred to as the 4 P’s of marketing. These 4 P’s are the parameters that the marketing manager can control subject to the internal and external constraints of the marketing environment. Pricing is a main feature of the marketing mix and the only one which generates revenue. It would be better for the company to increase the buying capability of the customers to gather larger revenue

Professionals in each the three areas of education, biomedical, and Research Paper

Professionals in each the three areas of education, biomedical, and sensory integration interventions - Research Paper Example This is the current role of biomedical engineers as stipulated by many job markets. The performance of such professions can be improved through provision of a platform for research and innovation as well as provision of motivating factors such as proper remuneration and appropriate working environments. Lesson learned is that biomedical engineers apply a combination of knowledge from various disciplines. They basically guide intervention processes for children with substantial challenges in processing and interpreting information that may hinder their efforts to participate in daily life activities (http://atcnts.com/wp n.d). They act as therapists and perform duties ascribed to cognitive challenges. Their performance can be improved through research and innovation and improving their working conditions. This profession deals more with psycho-social challenges. Directors of Occupational Therapy in Sensory Integration Intervention. (n.d.). Directors of Occupational Therapy in Sensory Integration Intervention. Retrieved February 27, 2014, from

Describe Diversity, Equality, Inclusion and Participation Essay Example for Free

Describe Diversity, Equality, Inclusion and Participation Essay Diversity refers to our differences such as culture, beliefs, values, views and life experiences. The concept of diversity is to accept, respect and embrace our differences. When people with these differences unite and share the same group or organization we see a diverse environment. Working in a childcare setting, we have the potential to work with an abundance of diversity. This can be very rewarding but can also pose challenges. Positively, we have the opportunity to promote the sense of individuality, sense of pride and belonging by providing a safe and nurturing environment. Discussing each other’s differences is a great way to learn and become aware of the differences in the world. One example of promoting diversity is to display the word â€Å"welcome† on the door in all first languages spoken in that classroom or even learning how to say hello in each language. The challenges are learning how ensure equality and eliminate discrimination. Introducing children at an early age to diversity will have an impact on their acceptance of others who are different from them. Diversity can also come in the form of race, gender, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, age, physical abilities and political beliefs. Equality Equality is the term for equal opportunities. Whilst supporting diversity and respecting differences everyone is offered the same services and programs. All children and families have an equal chance and equal right to participate or not to participate regardless of any differences such as physical disabilities or cultural beliefs. Practitioners have a duty to ensure that there is equality in their classroom. A child who has a learning disability should not be stereotyped with assumptions that he or she is not capable and therefor does not receive equal opportunity in classroom activities. Discrimination is the result of not practicing equality, for example, a child cannot be left out of a school outing because they don’t have transport to accommodate his wheel chair. Discrimination due to inequality can be very detrimental to a child’s emotional well being. A child can develop low-self esteem, low confidence, feel unwanted and loose sense of belonging. The equality act of 2010 legally protects people from discrimination in organizations and society. Some provisions relating to disability include extending protection against indirect discrimination to disability and harmonizing the thresholds for the duty to make reasonable adjustments for disabled people. This act will help to protect the children in school settings and into adulthood. Reference: Equality Act 2010: guidance, publishes 27 February 2013, https://www. gov. uk/equality-act-2010-guidance Inclusion Inclusion is the practice that every need is met for every student in their learning setting. Inclusive education allows children with disabilities to learn along side children without disabilities. This type of educational practice differs from having children with special needs secluded to special schools and classrooms. It allows children with disabilities to feel as an equal member of the classroom, which will build self-confidence and teach social skills. Schools need to ensure that they meet all needs by having resources and equipment to aid the students and help them to join as many activities as possible. For example braille books for children who are blind, providing wide doors, ramps and disabled toilets, speech therapist and physical therapist. When children have the opportunity to use these services they will more likely achieve their educational goals and feel less different from their peers. Practitioners could aid children in their classrooms by learning as much as possible about any disability a child in their care has, for example if a child in their classroom is hearing impaired, learning a few basic sign language words such as â€Å"lunch† â€Å"outside† â€Å"toilet† could help the child feel more part of the classroom’s daily flow. Reference: Wikipedia, Inclusion (education), 22 October 2013, http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Inclusion_(education) Participation Participation is the act of participating and being involved in activities, decisions, planning and sharing. Participation is important for the children as well as the parents in school settings. When parents and children are involved in decision-making it allows them to feel connected to the school and feel like their voice is being heard and wishes met. Children feel that their opinions and feelings matter, this is important to social skill development, as they will feel apart of the school community. Children who participate in school activities such as sports gain self-confidence and team building skills. Communication skills improve, stress is relieved and friendships build as children learn to trust and depend on their peers. Supporting participation could be to invite parents into the class to share their child’s favorite storybook from home and be a part of that day’s circle time. The child will gain a sense of pride as they sit beside their parent as they contribute to circle time. Another example is the children could take turns bringing home a â€Å"letter bag† where they find objects from around their home that begin with the â€Å"letter of the week†. The child and parent can work together finding the objects and the child can share it in class the following day. Reference: Participation works partnership, http://www. participationworks. org. uk/topics/education

Everymans Journey Essay example -- Plays Literature Medieval Essays

Everyman's Journey Everyman, a short play of around 900 lines, portrays the best surviving example of the Medieval Drama known as the morality play, which evolved side by side with the mystery plays, although written individually and not in cycles like the mystery play or ritual play. The morality play was a form of drama that was developed in the late 14th century and flourished through the 16th century in British Literature. The characterizations used in the works were typically based on the personifications of good and evil engaged in a struggle over the morality of the soul. Everyman is every man’s journey to the spiritual unknown and the eventual reflection of one’s positive and negative actions in life, which dictate the offering of everlasting redemption. The play uses the literary technique of allegory to present the reader or audience a representation of man’s universal confrontation with the moral struggle that Christianity’s beliefs present to each individual. The traditional religious beliefs or moral structures are emphasized in parable form symbolizing life and investigating the qualities within every man, whether they be good or bad. Everyman challenges the means to the destined end of unrighteous and the failure of man’s nurturing of the spiritually cleansing good deeds, which in essence pulls man’s fate from the good to the bad or vice versa. The play has been speculated to be a written product of an unknown author from around the end of the 15th century, however, its origin is still debatable among literary scholars because of the play’s similarities to other written works, orality characteristics, noetic economy and universality with the European socio-religious culture. According to literary scholars... ...s. This particular piece is a valuable step toward textuality. It test the barriers set by orality and attempts to expand the act of story telling by incorporating traits, which were further developed with the increase of textuality and later printing. For example, the development of characterization and the use of narration progression or multiple narration bring forth-new avenues of psychological roundness of characters in junction with traditional "heavy" and "flat" universal appeal. The play Everyman has established itself in the progression of literature and the word by its incorporation of hearing dominance, rhyme scheme progression (memory), characterization, and performance based manuscript production. Everyman is for everyman that wants to understand where the word has come from (orality) and how it has come to the point of print existence (textuality).

McClelland and Maslow Theory Essay

American’s Psychologist David Clarence McClelland (1917-98) proposed that every individual have specific needs that can be classed into need for achievement (nAch), need for affiliation (nAff), and need for power (nPow). Regardless of gender, culture or age, human beings have three motivating drivers that will affect their behavior. People with a high need for achievement seek to excel, to accomplish in relation to a set of standards, to struggle to achieve success. High nAch individuals prefer work that has a moderate probability of success, ideally a 50% chance. There is a strong need for feedback as to monitor the progress of their achievements. They prefer either to work alone or with other high achievers. High achievers are not interested in rewards or money unless these rewards reflect a measurement of their success. Their desire is to do a task better than it has been done before. The individuals with high achievement needs are highly motivated by competing and challenging work. They also look for promotional opportunities in job. Second, the individuals who are motivated by affiliation have an urge for a friendly and supportive environment. They prefer to spend time creating and maintaining social relationships, enjoy being a part of groups, and have a desire to feel loved and accepted. Individuals with high nAff strive for friendships, prefer cooperative situations rather than competitive ones, and desire relationships involving a high degree of mutual understanding. Individuals having high affiliation needs prefer working in an environment providing greater personal interaction. Such people have a need to be on the good books of all. They generally cannot be good leaders. A high need for power may be expressed as â€Å"personalized power† or â€Å"socialized power†. Those with a high need for power work best when they’re in charge. Because they enjoy competition, they do well with goal-oriented projects or tasks. They may also be very effective in negotiations or in situations in which another party must be convinced of an idea or goal. Those who need personal power want to direct others, and this need often is perceived as undesirable. Persons who need institutional power (also known as social power) want to organize the efforts of others to further the goals of the organization. Managers with a high need for institutional power tend to be more effective than those with a high need for personal power. McClelland’s theory of Needs allows for the shaping of a person’s needs; training programs can be used to modify one’s need profile. The use of this information is to lead, praise, and motivate your team more effectively, and to better structure your team’s roles. Maslow Theory In 1943 a Psychologist Mr. Abraham Harold Maslow suggested his Theory of Human Motivation. According to him, our actions are motivated in order achieve certain needs. This hierarchy suggests that people are motivated to fulfill basic needs before moving on to other, more advanced needs. The hierarchy of needs includes five motivational needs, often depicted as hierarchical levels within a pyramid. Maslow identified five types or sets of human need arranged in a hierarchy of their importance and priority. They are physiological, safety, love, and esteem and growth needs (self-actualization). Physiological needs are the basic needs for sustaining human life. These needs include food, shelter, clothing, rest, air, and water. These needs cannot be postponed for long. Unless and until these basic physiological needs are satisfied to the required extent, other needs do not motivate an employee. Second is safety, these include needs for safety and security. Security needs are important for survival, but they are not as demanding as the physiological needs. Examples of security needs include a desire for steady employment, health care, safe neighborhoods, and shelter from the environment. Next is social needs. An employee is a human being is rightly treated as a social animal. He desires to stay in group. He feels that he should belong to one or the other group and the member of the group should accept him with love and affection. He needs friends and interaction with his friends and superiors of the group such as fellow employees or superiors. After the first three needs have been satisfied, esteem needs becomes increasingly important. These include the need for things that reflect on self-esteem, personal worth, social recognition, and accomplishment. Lastly is self-actualization. Self-actualization is the desire to become what one is capable of becoming. It is a ‘growth’ need. A worker must work efficiently if he is to be ultimately happy. Here, a person feels that he should accomplish something in his life. He wants to utilize his potentials to the maximum extent and desires to become what one is capable of becoming. Though everyone is capable of self-actualization, many do not reach this stage. This need is fully satisfied rarely.

The Proper Way of Managing your Money

Money Management is where the proper handling of money is applied. Proper management of money is important in our daily lives. Success in life is based on how you manage it. It is really a great challenge to manage your money. As we all know that we all live in a society where all of our neighbors are flooded with lots of products and you are there wanting to have also what they have. It doesn’t work that way. You need to budget, save and invest your hard earned cash to be productive and become a millionaire as well (King 36). Set-up your own goal and develop it to have an organized system. What should be your goal? For instance, your goal is to gain more money in 5 years time. The question now is what can you do to attain your goal? One possible way is through budgeting.   You must know where your money goes, how much comes in and how much goes out so you will know if you really save. In budgeting, you need to know your purchases which include your basic necessities and the payments for your bills. Furthermore, a 20% of your salary or income must be included to your budget. It is a smart decision. If you save 20% of your salary per month, you will be astonished for the money earned in five years time. That is a lot of savings on your part. Even though, you have a small income monthly, you can still save money. So, don’t be discouraged if your salary or income generated for the whole month is small. (King 35) Also read: No Money, No Honey Saving practically also means a wise spending. In this case, we must avoid inflation. It only happens when more money is needed as against the total supply of money available. To site an example, you buy more foods than you actually eat. You help increase the price of goods because the higher the demands of a certain product in which its supply is few, the price of the product becomes higher (King 36). When you shop, you need to have a comparison to distinguish which is the lowest price.   Furthermore, plan to shop when there is a sale or discounts. It is really a great help on saving your money. Don’t avail credit cards. It’s so tempting and almost 70% of people who use credit cards are actually indebt (King 39). Saving and budgeting are more on practicing self-discipline. Acquiring this attitude means you have the potential of managing your money properly. After budgeting and saving your money, you have to find the right kind of investments for your hard earned money comes from your salary or profit from your business. An investment is something to purchase in which has potentials in getting your money back more than you spent for a certain purchase. You need to invest to have more gains like in mutual funds. A mutual fund is a regulated investment company with a pool of assets that regularly sells and redeems its shares.   However, this opportunity is risky. There are times that the shares are decreasing after a long period of time. There are many to invest, like in lots, after long years, the price increases. It is hard to become a millionaire. It will take you years to be one, but if you know the proper management of your money and acquire the winning attitudes, you are not far to become one. Bibliography King, David. You Can Be Rich. Worldlink Marketing Corporation, 2002.      

The Death Penalty A Necessary Evil essays

The Death Penalty A Necessary Evil essays Life is the most wonderful gift that God gives us. He also gives us the power to do what we wish with that life. We can keep it and guard it, or we can take it away. It follows that murder is the worst crime anyone could ever commit. It is a crime that no one can ever make right because once you take a life away you can never give it back. Penalties exacted from criminals are made to fit the crimes committed. The worst crime possible should therefore receive the worst penalty possible. That Take, for example, the case of a man who is caught shoplifting. He does not deserve the same punishment as someone who is convicted of assault and battery. Most people would have no problem agreeing with this. Yet many of these same people believe that a cold blooded killer deserves the same life sentence as a convicted kidnapper who did not kill his prisoner. Granted these are both serious offenses, but our system of law works by degrees of seriousness (Bedau, p.326). The mental damage done to that prisoner can be turned around, but the life taken away by the murderer can never be given back. They should therefore be given a harsher punishment than life in prison. In terms of justice, we should all get what we deserve. One argument against the death penalty is that the bible tells us not to murder. If this includes all people it should include the government. However, the death penalty is not quite the same as murder. It is an exacting of justice. Consequently, the Bible also says, an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth. It could also say a life for a life as well. The government also has rights that we as citizens do not have. As Mayor Ed Koch says in his essay on the death penalty, the execution of a lawfully condemned killer is no more an act of murder than is legal imprisonment an act of kidnapping. (Bedau, p.318) ...

How to Clean a Dorm Room in Under 20 Minutes

How to Clean a Dorm Room in Under 20 Minutes Your parents may be coming over, your partner may be stopping by, or you simply may want to pick up your room in order to have more space to work or study. Sometimes, however, even the smallest area can seem to contain a humongous mess. So just how can you clean your dorm room quickly and effectively? Fortunately for you, youre in college because youre smart. So take that educated brain of yours and put it to work! Put Clothes Away First things first: Put clothes and large items where they belong. If you have clothes on your bed, a jacket on the back of your chair, a blanket spilling onto the floor, and a scarf or two hanging off the lamp, your room can look incredibly messy. Spend a few minutes picking up clothes and large items and putting them where they should be (closet, hamper,  hook on the back of the door). And if you dont have an assigned place for the large items in your room, make one; that way, in the future, you can simply put it there to begin with and have one less thing making your room look messy. (Five-minute cheater fix: Throw everything in the closet.) Make Your Bed Sure, you dont live at home anymore, but making your bed will instantly transform your room from slovenly to stellar. Its amazing the way a clean bed can improve the look of a room. Make sure to make it nicely, too; it only takes a few extra seconds to smooth out the sheets, straighten the pillows, and make sure the comforter is evenly covering the whole bed (i.e, not touching the ground on one side and barely covering the mattress on the other). If one side of your bed is touching a wall, spend the extra 10 seconds to push the blankets down between the wall and the mattress so that the top surface still looks smooth. (Five-minute cheater fix: Dont smooth anything down or worry about the pillows; just fix the comforter or top blanket.) Put Other Things Away Put things away whenever possible. If you have a bunch of pens out on your desk and shoes collecting by the door, for example, get them out of sight. Put the pens in a little cup or a desk drawer; put your shoes back in your closet. Take a moment to stand still and look at what is still left out after youve made the bed and put the big things away. What can go into drawers? What can go into a closet? What can slide under your bed? (Five-minute cheater fix: Throw things into the closet or drawers and deal with them later.) Deal With Trash Fill up and then empty the trash. The key to emptying your trash is to fill it up first. Grab your trash can (or pull one from down the hallway to the front of your door) and walk around your room. Start in one corner and go in a spiral around the room, ending up in the center. What can be tossed? What dont you need? Be ruthless, too: That pen that only kinda works only some of the time needs to go, for example. You just might surprise yourself by seeing how much you can throw away in a few minutes and how much doing so will improve the look of your room. Once youve put things in your room trash can, take 30 seconds to empty it into a larger trash can down the hall or in the bathroom. (Five-minute cheater fix: There isnt one. Trash is trash and should be tossed pronto.) Tidy Up Tidy up the small things that are left. Close your eyes for a moment, take a deep breath (yes, even though youre in a hurry), and then open them again. Repeat the spiral you did with the trash can, this time organizing things as you move along. That pile of papers on your desk? Make the edges of it a little neater; you dont have time to go through it, but you can make it look a little tidier. Line up books so their edges are even. Close your laptop, straighten up pictures and other decorations, and make sure nothing is sticking out from under your bed. (Five-minute fix: Make sure things are relatively organized and try to put things at right angles or parallel to each other. Turn things with labels facing forward.) Take a Fresh Look Exit and re-enter your room as if you were a guest. Take a step out of your room, walk away for 10 seconds, and then re-enter your room as if you were a guest. Do the lights need to be turned on? The window opened? Room freshener sprayed? Chairs cleaned off so theres somewhere to sit? Walking into your room like youre doing so for the first time is a great way to notice any small details that might still need to be taken care of. (Five-minute fix: Spray your room with a room freshener. After all, whens the last time someones room smelled too good? Assume a little spritz will help and do it automatically.) Relax! Last but not least: Take a deep breath! After zipping around trying to clean and pick up your room, youll want to spend a moment calming down. Get a glass of water or something else to refresh yourself so that your visitors see not only a great-looking room but also a calm, collected friend or family member casually relaxing inside of it!

Pastoral care Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Pastoral care - Research Paper Example However, it is also a statistically significant disease. Cancer is the second largest annual killer in the United States, second only to heart disease. This paper posits that pastoral care can identify and address the spiritual and emotional needs of the patient, family members, and loved ones. Background Jann Aldredge Clanton's book Counseling People with Cancer sets a major theological theme as hope, and the pastoral task associated with this is to nurture hope through the use of sacred images and stories. This can be done by hearing what is important to the patient and helping the patient put words to their image of Divinity to find comfort during difficult times.1 Counseling the Sick and Terminally III by Gregg Albers is a practical volume written by a physician from an Evangelical Protestant perspective. He discusses the involvement of the whole person in the healing process and the importance of an integrated emotional and spiritual structure. Albers argues that an individual's spiritual maturity can deeply affect emotional and physical healing abilities and emotional reactions are inseparable from physical symptoms. In his experience, he observed in his practice that there are times when emotional reactions to may become more devastating than physical symptoms.2 Albers introduces a unified theory of grief based upon several clinical models of grief reactions and losses, helping others listen for the initial reaction, the shock, denial, and finally the acceptance: He argues that although Kubler-Ross speaks rightly of the positive aspects of hope and its strengthening effects, the Kubler-Ross model does not personalize the hope that can be found in a personal faith.3 Furthermore, patients often experience loss of control, time, bodily functions, body parts, physical attributes, self-esteem, family positions or roles, and income. The degree of loss depends upon the severity and length of the illness.4 Going beyond the Kubler-Ross model, Albers argues that G od can even use these losses to break down psychological defenses. This breaking down of psychological defenses can allow patients to reach out to others for support and build relationships with loved ones. Many studies also demonstrate the value of religious faith at the end of life, and this connection to God or higher power brings strength and helps to sustain individuals living with advanced cancer.5 Some of the more recent work addresses the spiritual needs and resources of the dying patients and their family members. It is helpful to examine a few of these studies. A survey performed by Roberts, Brown, Elkins and Larson at the University of Michigan Medical Center revealed that out of 108 women who described themselves as having some form of fear, 91%feared dependency, 73% feared death, 73 % feared pain and 73% feared loss of control (participants were invited to indicate all fears which applied to them).6 It is interesting to note the primary fear expressed by patients in thi s study was not fear of death, but fear of being dependent on others for care. Another study was conducted by M.F. Highfield at Veterans Administration West-Los Angeles facility which examined the spiritual health of oncology patients through the eyes of the nursing staff.7 Findings from this study indicated that nurses were often ill-equipped to assess